Watershed Health

Wet ferns, leaves, and a fallen tree on the forest floor.

Understanding the Groundwater Recharge Process

Every drop of rain that falls on the landscape has several possible destinations. Some water evaporates back into the atmosphere. Some is absorbed by plants and later released through transpiration. Some flows across the land as stormwater runoff into ditches, streams, rivers, and lakes. Another por…

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Scenic view of beautiful Crater Lake surrounded by hilltops in Oregon.

Protecting Crater Lake: How Stormwater, Erosion Control, and Visitor Management Preserve an American Treasure

Few lakes in the world inspire the sense of awe that Crater Lake does. Formed nearly 7,700 years ago after the collapse of Mount Mazama, the lake fills a massive volcanic caldera and reaches a depth of 1,943 feet, making it the deepest lake in the United States. Its remarkable blue color and extraor…

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A view of the mountains around Lake George in fall.

Adirondack Watershed Institute: Safeguarding the Health of New York’s Freshwater Systems

The Adirondack Watershed Institute, often referred to as AWI, has become one of the most important environmental organizations working to protect New York’s lakes, rivers, and wetlands. Based at Paul Smith’s College in the northern Adirondacks, AWI blends scientific research, on-the-grou…

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A landscaper using a wheeled-spreader to fertilize a lawn.

Why Municipal Governments Should Ban Lawn Fertilizers and Chemicals on Waterfront Properties

Waterfront properties are among a community's most valuable and desirable lands. They offer scenic views, recreational opportunities, and direct access to lakes, rivers, ponds, and coastal waters. Yet the landscaping practices commonly used to maintain these properties can unintentionally become…

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A marshy wetland area adjacent to a large lake.

Understanding the Water Cycle’s Role in Watershed Health

Watersheds are essential ecosystems that collect, store, and channel water across the landscape, ultimately feeding into rivers, lakes, and oceans. At the heart of every healthy watershed is the water cycle - the continuous movement of water through the atmosphere, land, and underground reservoirs. …

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A hand lifts a glass of clean water from a lake.

The Role of the Clean Water Act in MS4 Regulation

The Clean Water Act is the foundation of modern water pollution control in the United States. While many people associate the law with industrial pollution or wastewater treatment plants, it also serves as the legal basis for regulating stormwater runoff through Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System…

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Aerial photo of an expansive riparian buffer around a meandering river.

Understanding Riparian Ecosystems: Their Function, Value, and the Threats They Face

What Is a Riparian Ecosystem? A riparian ecosystem is the corridor of vegetation and wildlife located along the banks of rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, and wetlands. Unlike upland areas farther from water, riparian zones are shaped by frequent interaction with moving water. The soils are typically w…

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View of Lake George from neighboring mountain.

Protecting Lake George: Keeping One of America's Cleanest Lakes Pristine

Nestled in the Adirondack Mountains of upstate New York, Lake George is often referred to as the "Queen of American Lakes," and for good reason. With crystal-clear waters stretching over 32 miles and a watershed that supports rich biodiversity, Lake George is both an ecological treasure an…

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